Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Constituents of the Leaves of Tachigalia paniculata

Two new myricetin glycosides, myricetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and myricetin 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), together with the known compounds quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (5), methyl gallate (6), isovanillin (7), 4-hydroxymethylbenzoate (8), 3,4-dihydroxymethylbenzoate (9), and caffeoyl aldehyde (10) were isolated from the leaves of Tachigalia paniculata. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods. Their antioxidant activity was determined by measuring free-radical scavenging effects using three different assays, namely, the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay, the coupled oxidation of β-carotene and linoleic acid (autoxidation assay), and the inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity. Compounds 1, 2, and 6 showed activity in the TEAC test, compounds 5-7 and 10 were moderately active in the autoxidation assay, while compounds 1 and 2 were the most potent of the isolates in the xanthine oxidase test.