The death of German firms: What role for Foreign Direct Investment?

This paper aims at examining the role played by inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in affecting the exit probabilities of German manufacturing firms in the pre-crisis year 2008. We introduce two main novelties: in the first place, we include the FDI variable, dividing it between types of foreign investor (industrial versus financial) besides the analysis with the division by country of origin. Second, we analyse whether FDIs may have effects not only on the probability that a firm exits from the domestic market, but also on whether it stops being internationally involved, that is, whether it stops importing or exporting. We find that German firms, in most cases, suffer from higher competition introduced by foreign firms except when they are part of a high-R&D region or a high-tech sector, because they have enough absorptive capacity to take advantage of possible spillover effects. We also find that US FDIs have a crowding out effect for firms located in low-tech sectors but not in high-tech sectors. The results are reversed when considering financial investments instead of industrial investments. Finally, we find that FDIs are negatively correlated with exits from export markets but positively with those from import markets.