Genome Sequencing, Transcriptomics, and Proteomics

This review encompasses the current status of major areas of progress in olive tree genome sequencing, including insights into genome function derived from large-scale gene expressing profiling, and studies on genomic architecture of repetitive sequences, smaller RNA, and proteomics. Olive tree genomics, as well as other omics, is progressing owing to recent developments in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. Biological insights, therefore, are not only resulted from the sequencing initiative, since from genetic mapping, gene expression profiling, gene discovery research, and proteomics over nearly last seven years a large amount of information has been provided by different laboratories. The availability of highquality genome assembly provides olive biologists with valuable new tools to improve and develop new varieties more efficiently, enabling the implementation of marker-assisted selection and genomic selection, and contributing to the comprehension of the molecular determinants of key traits peculiar to the species of olive tree and giving important clues concerning the evolution of its complex genome.