Canine aggression, especially directed toward people, is one of the most severe behavioral problem referred to specialist clinics. The aim of this study was to analyze the behavior of aggressive dogs toward people in the clinic and to compare it with the behavior of dogs affected by other behavioral disorders. For the present study 26 cases were analyzed, divided into 2 groups: the aggression group (AG) consisted of 13 dogs with aggression toward people and the non-aggression group (NAG) included 13 subjects with behavioral problems other than aggression toward people. The AG group was further divided into dogs that were aggressive toward strangers (AGS; n=6), and dogs that were aggressive toward familiar people (AGF; n=7). All dogs were subjected to a behavioral consultation; the first consultation of each dog was videoed and then analyzed to measure the duration (in seconds) of social and non-social behaviors. Three focal periods of each video, totaling thirty minutes, were examined: T1 recorded minutes 0 to 10, T2 from 25’ to 35’, and T3 from 50’ to 60’. Comparing these three periods, a statistically significant difference was found only for exploratory behavior; for both AG (χ2=14.00; p=0.001) and NAG (χ2=10.51; p=0.005), exploratory behavior was higher during T1 than during T2 and T3. A statistically significant difference was found between groups for the total amount of stress behavior (SB) during the three periods, with AG showing higher amounts than NAG (U=39.5; p=0.019). Statistically significant differences were found for the total amount of two social behaviors: attention seeking from the owner (AG vs NAG, U=45.55; p=0.044) and sniffing the owner (AG vs NAG; U=42.5; p=0.029). Compared with the NAG group, the AGS dogs displayed significantly longer durations of: attention-seeking from the owner (U=9.500; p=0.003), sniffing the owner (U=13.000; p=0.011), and primary proximity to the owner (U=9.000; p=0.009). AGF dogs showed a higher level of behavioral signs of stress (U=21.000; p=0.052), a longer duration of autogrooming (U=20.000; p=0.046), and a higher attention-seeking from the owner (U=23.500; p=0.032), compared to NAG. Interesting results emerged when comparing dogs that were aggressive toward strangers or toward familiar people. These findings suggest that through the systematic analysis of dog behavior during a consultation it is possible to observe different patterns of dogs’ behavior according to the kind of diagnosis. Namely, during the behavioral consultations, dogs that are aggressive towards strangers showed more seeking behaviors towards the owners, whilst dogs that were aggressive towards family members showed more signs of stress. In conclusion, a careful observation of the behavior of dogs during a consultation could provide additional valuable support in the diagnostic process, and consequently in the risk assessment and in prescribing the therapy to dogs aggressive towards people. Moreover these results suggest that the aggressive dogs toward people should be treated not only for their dangerousness, but also for the impact that underlying stress and emotional aspects of the problem might have on the welfare of the dog, and highlighting how urgent its treatment should be. It is therefore important that this problem is treated with rapid and effective treatment, both pharmacological and/or behavioral, and with an extensive collaboration between veterinary behaviorists and dog trainers
L’aggressività canina, soprattutto quella rivolta alle persone, è uno dei più gravi problemi comportamentali riferiti ai comportamentalisti. Lo scopo di questo studio è stato quello di analizzare il comportamento di cani aggressivi verso le persone durante la consulenza clinica e di confrontarlo con quello di cani affetti da altre problematiche comportamentali. Per il presente studio sono stati analizzati 26 casi clinici, divisi in due gruppi. Un gruppo di cani aggressivi (AG), costituito da 13 cani aggressivi nei confronti delle persone, ed un gruppo di cani non aggressivi (NAG), formato da 13 soggetti con altri problemi comportamentali. Il gruppo AG è stato ulteriormente diviso in altri due sottogruppi: il gruppo dei cani aggressivi verso persone estranee (AGS; n=6) ed un gruppo di cani aggressivi verso persone familiari (AGF; n=7). Tutti i cani sono stati sottoposti a consulenza comportamentale che è stata videoregistrata per essere in seguito analizzata in modo da misurare la durata (in secondi) dei comportamenti sociali e non sociali. Di ogni videoregistrazione sono stati esaminati 3 periodi per un totale di 30 minuti: T1 da 0 a 10 minuti, T2 da 25 a 35 minuti e T3 da 50 a 60 minuti. Confrontando i comportamenti emessi nei tre periodi considerati, una differenza statisticamente significativa è stata rinvenuta solo per il comportamento esplorativo: in entrambi i gruppi, AG e NAG, questo comportamento è stato manifestato maggiormente in T1 che in T2 e T3. Una differenza statisticamente significativa è emersa tra i gruppi per quanto riguarda la quantità totale dei comportamenti di stress (SB) durante i 3 periodi, con i cani del gruppo AG che mostravano un maggior livello di stress rispetto a NAG. Un’altra differenza statisticamente significativa è quella rinvenuta a carico di due comportamenti sociali: la ricerca delle attenzioni del proprietario (AG vs NAG, U=45,55; p=0,044) ed annusare il proprietario (AG vs NAG; U=42,5; p=0,029). In confronto a NAG, i cani del gruppo AGS hanno mostrato una più prolungata ricerca delle attenzioni del proprietario (U=9,500; p=0,003), l’annusare il proprietario (U=13.000; p=0.011) e la prossimità al proprietario (U=9,000; p=0,009). I cani del gruppo AGF hanno inoltre mostrato un livello più alto di comportamenti di stress (U=21,000; p=0,052), una maggior durata dell’autogrooming (U=20,000; p=0,046) e di ricerca di attenzioni dal proprietario (U=23,500; p=0,032) in confronto al gruppo NAG. In conclusione, un’attenta osservazione del comportamento dei cani durante la consulenza può fornire un addizionale utile supporto nel processo diagnostico e conseguentemente nella valutazione del rischio e nella prescrizione della terapia. Inoltre, questi risultati suggeriscono che i cani aggressivi verso le persone dovrebbero essere trattati non solo per la loro pericolosità ma anche per l’impatto che lo stress e gli aspetti emozionali del problema possono avere sul benessere dell’animale. È perciò importante che questo problema sia affrontato con un trattamento rapido ed efficace, farmacologico e/o comportamentale, e con un’intensa collaborazione tra comportamentalisti ed istruttori cinofili.
Stress in aggressive dogs towards people: behavioral analysis during consultation
GAZZANO, ANGELO
Primo
;MARITI, CHIARAUltimo
2015-01-01
Abstract
Canine aggression, especially directed toward people, is one of the most severe behavioral problem referred to specialist clinics. The aim of this study was to analyze the behavior of aggressive dogs toward people in the clinic and to compare it with the behavior of dogs affected by other behavioral disorders. For the present study 26 cases were analyzed, divided into 2 groups: the aggression group (AG) consisted of 13 dogs with aggression toward people and the non-aggression group (NAG) included 13 subjects with behavioral problems other than aggression toward people. The AG group was further divided into dogs that were aggressive toward strangers (AGS; n=6), and dogs that were aggressive toward familiar people (AGF; n=7). All dogs were subjected to a behavioral consultation; the first consultation of each dog was videoed and then analyzed to measure the duration (in seconds) of social and non-social behaviors. Three focal periods of each video, totaling thirty minutes, were examined: T1 recorded minutes 0 to 10, T2 from 25’ to 35’, and T3 from 50’ to 60’. Comparing these three periods, a statistically significant difference was found only for exploratory behavior; for both AG (χ2=14.00; p=0.001) and NAG (χ2=10.51; p=0.005), exploratory behavior was higher during T1 than during T2 and T3. A statistically significant difference was found between groups for the total amount of stress behavior (SB) during the three periods, with AG showing higher amounts than NAG (U=39.5; p=0.019). Statistically significant differences were found for the total amount of two social behaviors: attention seeking from the owner (AG vs NAG, U=45.55; p=0.044) and sniffing the owner (AG vs NAG; U=42.5; p=0.029). Compared with the NAG group, the AGS dogs displayed significantly longer durations of: attention-seeking from the owner (U=9.500; p=0.003), sniffing the owner (U=13.000; p=0.011), and primary proximity to the owner (U=9.000; p=0.009). AGF dogs showed a higher level of behavioral signs of stress (U=21.000; p=0.052), a longer duration of autogrooming (U=20.000; p=0.046), and a higher attention-seeking from the owner (U=23.500; p=0.032), compared to NAG. Interesting results emerged when comparing dogs that were aggressive toward strangers or toward familiar people. These findings suggest that through the systematic analysis of dog behavior during a consultation it is possible to observe different patterns of dogs’ behavior according to the kind of diagnosis. Namely, during the behavioral consultations, dogs that are aggressive towards strangers showed more seeking behaviors towards the owners, whilst dogs that were aggressive towards family members showed more signs of stress. In conclusion, a careful observation of the behavior of dogs during a consultation could provide additional valuable support in the diagnostic process, and consequently in the risk assessment and in prescribing the therapy to dogs aggressive towards people. Moreover these results suggest that the aggressive dogs toward people should be treated not only for their dangerousness, but also for the impact that underlying stress and emotional aspects of the problem might have on the welfare of the dog, and highlighting how urgent its treatment should be. It is therefore important that this problem is treated with rapid and effective treatment, both pharmacological and/or behavioral, and with an extensive collaboration between veterinary behaviorists and dog trainersI documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.