Alexander Alexandrovitch Philiptschenko (1884-1938): at the Backgraund of Ecological Parasitology.

The full biography of A.A. Philiptschenko – a medicine doctor and scientist-parasitologist, – one of the founders of ecological parasitology in Russia is presented for the fi rst time. His fate and participation in the formation of this biological discipline were concealed for a long time. One reason for this was Phil-iptschenko death in 1938 during the course of mass repressions at the hands of the Soviet State. A Rus-sian political convict, emigrant, and graduate from the medical faculty of Rome University, the younger brother of Y.A. Philiptschenko (founder of Petrograd genetics scientifi c school), Alexander Alexandro-vitch started his parasitological investigations only in 1923, and in less than 15 years became an acknowl-edged scientist and teacher. After his death the teaching duty on parasitology in Leningrad University and publication of the appropriate text-book were done by V.A. Dogiel who usually is considered as personal founder of the ecological parasitology, which is not completely so.