Wanting to consider, one hundred years after his murder, the issue of the political utilization of Jean Jaurès’ person, it is possible to note that his memory in France has been long the subject of a dispute between orthodox Marxists and reformist socialists. Both were interested in recognising him as their own source of inspiration. A not negligible philosophical dimension in Jaurès’ thought is what turns out to be sacrificed in this dispute; whereas its main characteristic is represented by a pantheistic humanitarianism with undeniable religious meanings, that only partly has been influenced by Jaurès’ increasing approach to Marxism. The essay is divided in two parts. The first one examines the two dissertations written by Jaurès in order to get his doctorate in Philosophy, along with a posthumous fragmentary essay of his, in which the deep connection between his theoretical opinions and his political activity in the socialist ranks arise. Thus, the centrality he granted to a non-dogmatic religious sensitivity, unrelated to any institutionalized church, remains clear. The second part deals with the connection between Jaurès’ thought and Marx’ doctrine, also in the light of the contemporary debate triggered by Bernstein’s revisionist theories. Jaurès strove for being an orthodox Marxist and some doctrines of his made it difficult to place him in the field of a mere reformism; nevertheless, his humanitarianism put him necessarily outside of a rigidly class-conscious view of society and political struggle that does not consider the final redemption of the whole mankind as its own goal. In this regard, the entire essay is marked by the question if it is possible to put in contact Jaurès’ doctrine with some foundations of Immanuel Kant’s ethical and political philosophy.

Volendo considerare la questione dell’utilizzazione politica della figura di Jean Jaurès, a un secolo dal suo assassinio, si può notare come in Francia la sua memoria sia stata a lungo oggetto di disputa tra marxisti ortodossi e socialisti riformisti, entrambi interessati a riconoscerlo come propria fonte d’ispirazione. Ciò che, in tale disputa, è risultato sacrificato è stata la non trascurabile dimensione filosofica del pensiero jaurèssiano, la cui principale cifra distintiva è rappresentata da un umanitarismo panteista, con evidenti accenni religiosi, che solo in parte è risultato influenzato dal sempre maggiore avvicinamento di Jaurès al marxismo. Il saggio si divide in due parti. Nella prima si analizzano le due tesi scritte da Jaurès per il conseguimento del dottorato in Filosofia, insieme ad uno scritto frammentario pubblicato postumo, opere in cui vengono alla luce i profondi legami sussistenti tra le sue posizioni teoriche e la sua attività politica nei ranghi socialisti; e si cerca di mettere in rilievo la centralità che egli accordava a una sensibilità religiosa non dogmatica ed estranea a ogni chiesa istituzionalizzata. La seconda parte si occupa dei rapporti tra il pensiero di Jaurès e la dottrina di Marx, anche nell’ottica del contemporaneo dibattito scatenato dalle tesi revisioniste di Bernstein. Viene messo in luce il fatto che, per quanto Jaurès aspirasse ad essere un marxista ortodosso e alcune sue dottrine politiche lo rendessero difficilmente inquadrabile nell’ambito di un mero riformismo, il suo umanitarismo lo poneva necessariamente al di fuori di una visione rigidamente classista della società e della lotta politica, che non considerasse la redenzione finale dell’intera umanità come proprio scopo. In questo senso ci si interroga, nel corso dell’intero saggio, sulla possibilità di avvicinare la dottrina jaurèssiana ad alcuni fondamenti della filosofia morale e politica di Immanuel Kant.

Un socialismo panteista. Appunti sugli inizi filosofici di Jean Jaurès

Giorgio Ridolfi
2015-01-01

Abstract

Wanting to consider, one hundred years after his murder, the issue of the political utilization of Jean Jaurès’ person, it is possible to note that his memory in France has been long the subject of a dispute between orthodox Marxists and reformist socialists. Both were interested in recognising him as their own source of inspiration. A not negligible philosophical dimension in Jaurès’ thought is what turns out to be sacrificed in this dispute; whereas its main characteristic is represented by a pantheistic humanitarianism with undeniable religious meanings, that only partly has been influenced by Jaurès’ increasing approach to Marxism. The essay is divided in two parts. The first one examines the two dissertations written by Jaurès in order to get his doctorate in Philosophy, along with a posthumous fragmentary essay of his, in which the deep connection between his theoretical opinions and his political activity in the socialist ranks arise. Thus, the centrality he granted to a non-dogmatic religious sensitivity, unrelated to any institutionalized church, remains clear. The second part deals with the connection between Jaurès’ thought and Marx’ doctrine, also in the light of the contemporary debate triggered by Bernstein’s revisionist theories. Jaurès strove for being an orthodox Marxist and some doctrines of his made it difficult to place him in the field of a mere reformism; nevertheless, his humanitarianism put him necessarily outside of a rigidly class-conscious view of society and political struggle that does not consider the final redemption of the whole mankind as its own goal. In this regard, the entire essay is marked by the question if it is possible to put in contact Jaurès’ doctrine with some foundations of Immanuel Kant’s ethical and political philosophy.
2015
Ridolfi, Giorgio
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11568/946547
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