Current-induced birefringent absorption and non-reciprocal plasmons in graphene

We present extensive calculations of the optical and plasmonic properties of a graphene sheet carrying a dc current. By calculating analytically the density–density response function of current-carrying states at finite temperature, we demonstrate that an applied dc current modifies the Pauli blocking mechanism and that absorption acquires a birefringent character with respect to the angle between the in-plane light polarization and current flow. Employing random phase approximation at finite temperature, we show that graphene plasmons display a degree of non-reciprocity and collimation that can be tuned with the applied current. We discuss the possibility to measure these effects.