Big Data: Eles são um bem comum?

The theme of big data is overwhelmingly in the limelight. Data exists in the infosphere, where it is entered or generated by various sources and are abstractly immediately known. The production organization allows the use of data in real time, thanks to decentralization and automation of processes and robotics. Data do not fall apart, they are reusable for different needs and purposes, their relevance increase with its numerosity, their “big” quality is related to different characoteristics, as well as their value can be determined on the basis of several factors. Big data are also relevant for their multiple use and consequent risks. A main issue is about the ownership of freely conferred data and big data, whose characteristics lead to classifying the data present in the infosphere and big data as “common goods”. However data available in the infosphere and big data are objectively common resources, which increase their usefulness and value the more they are shared by the greater number of users, they are frequently guarded and used exclusively by private, who collect and process them, subjecting them to proprietary technical standards. An economy based on big data is characterized by important information asymmetries, which suggests to find some rules. Global and shared big data governance – following the example of shared regulation tools that already exist for internet governance – would be desirable, as an alternative the most appropriate reference dimension of the community should be supranational and linked to areas of geopolitical influence. The article is intended to contribute to the debate, arguing that the government of data must have clear and necessary rules, which allow to protect the rights of all the actors involved, primarily citizens, taking into account the role, the economic influence, and the localization that main players have in areas and geopolitical clearly, outside Europe.