Heavy-duty hybrid transportation systems: Design, modeling, and energy management

This chapter is centered on the design, modeling and energy management of heavy-duty transportation systems. After showing general definitions and conventions, the problem of energy management is addressed with reference to heuristic approaches and global optimization control techniques. After presenting the problem in the most general formulation, a detailed case study is shown, related to the design of a working machine typically used in construction site. The main steps are modeling of the conventional hydraulic working machine, identification of an electrified hybrid architecture, selection of a heuristic energy management strategy to be implemented online, verification and comparison with respect to offline optimal control solution, in order to have a benchmark with the selected strategy.