The percentage of students with special educational needs within PISA’s international surveys remains very low. Despite the OECD indicating some rules for their admission to tests, the inclusion/exclusion criteria adopted by the various participating countries are not homogeneous. According to these rules, the exclusion rate should not exceed the 5% limit of sampled students, but the percentages are very different: in 2018 the overall exclusion rate of sampled students exceeded 5% in 16 education systems, with peaks of 11%. Consistently with the principles for inclusive education adopted over fifty years ago, Italy - where, unlike all other countries, there are no special schools or classes - tends to include almost all sampled students. In this state of things, the most inclusive countries are penalised when comparing the results of PISA surveys with countries with high rates of exclusions of students with special needs, while they favor those with a high rate of exclusion. Therefore, survey results are, as a matter of fact, not comparable due to the non-homogeneity of the sampling and, above all, some results are collected in violation of the principles of the UN Convention for the rights of persons with disabilities. The proposed solution does not entail to change the methodology for conducting the surveys but rather to represent, at international level, such disparities, aiming at the promotion and observance of homogeneous and - above all - more equitable and inclusive rules.
La percentuale di studenti con disabilità e con altri bisogni educativi speciali che partecipa alle indagini internazionali OCSE-PISA rimane molto bassa. Nonostante l’OCSE indichi alcune regole per la loro ammissione ai test, i criteri di inclusione/esclusione nei diversi Paesi partecipanti sono disomogenei. Anche all’interno di queste regole, e del limite di esclusione che non dovrebbe superare il 5%, le percentuali sono molto differenti: nel 2018 il tasso di esclusione complessivo degli studenti campionati ha superato il 5% in 16 sistemi educativi, con punte dell’11%. Coerentemente con i principi inclusivi adottati ormai da cinquant’anni, l’Italia – ove, a differenza di tutti gli altri Paesi, non esistono scuole e classi speciali - tende a includere la quasi totalità degli studenti selezionati. A tal punto, gli esiti delle indagini PISA certamente penalizzano i Paesi più inclusivi nel confronto internazionale, mentre favoriscono quelli con un alto tasso di esclusione. Pertanto, i risultati divengono non comparabili per la disomogeneità del campionamento e, soprattutto, non vengono rispettati i principi della Convenzione ONU per i diritti delle persone con disabilità. La soluzione che si propone non è quella di modificare la metodologia nel condurre le rilevazioni quanto piuttosto di rappresentare, in ambito internazionale, tali disparità, puntando all’osservanza di regole omogenee e – soprattutto – più eque e inclusive.
La valutazione degli studenti con bisogni educativi speciali nelle rilevazioni internazionali OCSE-PISA
CIAMBRONE R
2021-01-01
Abstract
The percentage of students with special educational needs within PISA’s international surveys remains very low. Despite the OECD indicating some rules for their admission to tests, the inclusion/exclusion criteria adopted by the various participating countries are not homogeneous. According to these rules, the exclusion rate should not exceed the 5% limit of sampled students, but the percentages are very different: in 2018 the overall exclusion rate of sampled students exceeded 5% in 16 education systems, with peaks of 11%. Consistently with the principles for inclusive education adopted over fifty years ago, Italy - where, unlike all other countries, there are no special schools or classes - tends to include almost all sampled students. In this state of things, the most inclusive countries are penalised when comparing the results of PISA surveys with countries with high rates of exclusions of students with special needs, while they favor those with a high rate of exclusion. Therefore, survey results are, as a matter of fact, not comparable due to the non-homogeneity of the sampling and, above all, some results are collected in violation of the principles of the UN Convention for the rights of persons with disabilities. The proposed solution does not entail to change the methodology for conducting the surveys but rather to represent, at international level, such disparities, aiming at the promotion and observance of homogeneous and - above all - more equitable and inclusive rules.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
