As suggested by the thought-provoking statement “It is not the prisoners who need reformation. It is the prisons”, a quotation from Oscar Wilde’s letter to the “Daily Chronicle” of 27 May 1897, this paper deals with a relatively less investigated chapter of the author’s life. Here, the focus shifts away from such topoi as the Irish dandy’s brilliant rhetoric and aphoristic wit, or the magnetic aura of the Professor of Aesthetics and man of the theatre. Emphasis is placed instead on the human profile of an artist who, in the wake of his condemnation for ‘acts of gross indecency’, was to come to grips with two harrowing years of imprisonment with hard labour. Light will be shed on various issues as well as medico-scientific, sociocultural and political contexts, ranging from the notions of ‘Decadence’, ‘regression’ or ‘degeneration’ to the penitentiary regime in late nineteenth-century England. Particular attention will be paid to Wilde’s trials, conviction and prison writings – their content, structure, reception – and to an awareness-raising campaign through which he set out to expose the physical and psychological punishments that were routinely inflicted on inmates, including children. From the Clemency Petition to the Home Secretary (2 July 1896) to the two letters to the “Daily Chronicle” (1897 and 23 March 1898), we will see how the disengaged artist’s stance left room for a deep sense of moral and civic commitment.

Come suggerisce la provocatoria affermazione “Non sono i prigionieri che hanno bisogno di riforme. Sono le carceri”, passo estrapolato da una lettera di Oscar Wilde al “Daily Chronicle”, 27 maggio 1897, questo articolo si concentra su un capitolo meno indagato della vita dell’autore. Lo sguardo si allontana qui da topoi quali la retorica brillante e il wit aforistico del dandy irlandese, dall’aura magnetica del Professore di Estetica e dell’uomo di teatro. L’enfasi ricade invece sul profilo umano di un artista che, all’indomani della sua condanna per ‘acts of gross indecency’, si trovò ad affrontare due anni terribili di prigionia e lavori forzati. Nel contributo si fa luce su varie questioni cruciali così come su contesti medico-scientifici, socioculturali e politici, dai concetti di ‘Decadence’, ‘regressione’ o ‘degenerazione’ al regime penitenziario nell’Inghilterra del tardo Ottocento. Particolare attenzione è dedicata ai processi, alla condanna e agli scritti di prigione di Wilde – contenuti, struttura, ricezione – e ad una campagna di sensibilizzazione attraverso la quale l’autore denunciò le torture fisiche e psicologiche che venivano metodicamente inflitte sulla popolazione carceraria, inclusi i bambini. Dalla “Clemency Petition to the Home Secretary” (2 luglio 1896) alle due lettere al “Daily Chronicle” (1897 e 23 marzo 1898), si osserverà come la posa dell’artista disimpegnato lasci il posto a un senso profondo di impegno civico e morale.

“It is not the prisoners who need reformation. It is the prisons”: Oscar Wilde’s Path towards Civic Engagement in his (Post-)Prison Years

LAURA GIOVANNELLI
2023-01-01

Abstract

As suggested by the thought-provoking statement “It is not the prisoners who need reformation. It is the prisons”, a quotation from Oscar Wilde’s letter to the “Daily Chronicle” of 27 May 1897, this paper deals with a relatively less investigated chapter of the author’s life. Here, the focus shifts away from such topoi as the Irish dandy’s brilliant rhetoric and aphoristic wit, or the magnetic aura of the Professor of Aesthetics and man of the theatre. Emphasis is placed instead on the human profile of an artist who, in the wake of his condemnation for ‘acts of gross indecency’, was to come to grips with two harrowing years of imprisonment with hard labour. Light will be shed on various issues as well as medico-scientific, sociocultural and political contexts, ranging from the notions of ‘Decadence’, ‘regression’ or ‘degeneration’ to the penitentiary regime in late nineteenth-century England. Particular attention will be paid to Wilde’s trials, conviction and prison writings – their content, structure, reception – and to an awareness-raising campaign through which he set out to expose the physical and psychological punishments that were routinely inflicted on inmates, including children. From the Clemency Petition to the Home Secretary (2 July 1896) to the two letters to the “Daily Chronicle” (1897 and 23 March 1898), we will see how the disengaged artist’s stance left room for a deep sense of moral and civic commitment.
2023
Giovannelli, Laura
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1234208
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