Against the growing phenomenon of digitalisation in agriculture, the development and multiplication of sources for accessing and producing large quantities of personal and agronomic data raise ethical and legal issues. These aspects require agrifood and environmental purposes to be aligned with the ecological transition towards a resilient system. Examples include: the regulatory approach to systems engineering and big data management; the criteria for responsibility and security in automated decision-making processes; the guarantees of visibility and transparency in the validation of algorithms that make use of artificial intelligence. Considering the potential risks arising from the use of networked sensors and devices, as well as the ethical concerns related to the opacity and ambiguity underlying data analytics and machine learning procedures, this contribution explores the reflections that public authorities and non-governmental bodies are developing in search of harmonised normative principles. In this perspective, the evolving approaches of regulation by design are emerging as experimental forms of normativity to be framed and promoted for greater transparency and sustainability. Indeed, they appear suitable to opening spaces for debate and discussion as regards new “digital rights” and innovation criteria to define and implement in the agricultural practices of tomorrow.

Nell’ambito del crescente fenomeno della digitalizzazione in agricoltura, lo sviluppo e la moltiplicazione delle fonti di accesso e produzione di grandi quantità di dati, personali e non, pongono sul piano etico-giuridico temi di frontiera che esigono di coniugare le finalità agro-alimentari-ambientali con la transizione ecologica verso un sistema resiliente. Si tratta, per esempio, dell’approccio normativo all’ingegneria dei sistemi e alla gestione dei big data; dei criteri di responsabilità e sicurezza nei processi decisionali automatizzati; delle garanzie di visibilità e trasparenza nella validazione di algoritmi che fanno uso dell’intelligenza artificiale. A fronte dei potenziali rischi derivanti dall’utilizzo di dispositivi mobili, macchinari e sensori collegati in rete, e delle questioni etiche correlate ai profili di opacità e ambiguità sottesi alle procedure di data analytics e machine learning, il contributo intende esplorare le nascenti riflessioni che autorità pubbliche e organismi non governativi stanno elaborando alla ricerca di principi armonizzati nello scenario istituzionale europeo. In questa prospettiva, gli approcci normativi by design rilevano come forme sperimentali di tecno-regolazione volte ad aprire spazi di riflessione e decisione rispetto a nuovi “diritti digitali” e a criteri di sostenibilità da condividere e implementare nelle pratiche agricole del domani.

Big data e intelligenza artificiale nell’agricoltura europea 4.0: una lettura etico-giuridica

Luca Leone
2024-01-01

Abstract

Against the growing phenomenon of digitalisation in agriculture, the development and multiplication of sources for accessing and producing large quantities of personal and agronomic data raise ethical and legal issues. These aspects require agrifood and environmental purposes to be aligned with the ecological transition towards a resilient system. Examples include: the regulatory approach to systems engineering and big data management; the criteria for responsibility and security in automated decision-making processes; the guarantees of visibility and transparency in the validation of algorithms that make use of artificial intelligence. Considering the potential risks arising from the use of networked sensors and devices, as well as the ethical concerns related to the opacity and ambiguity underlying data analytics and machine learning procedures, this contribution explores the reflections that public authorities and non-governmental bodies are developing in search of harmonised normative principles. In this perspective, the evolving approaches of regulation by design are emerging as experimental forms of normativity to be framed and promoted for greater transparency and sustainability. Indeed, they appear suitable to opening spaces for debate and discussion as regards new “digital rights” and innovation criteria to define and implement in the agricultural practices of tomorrow.
2024
Leone, Luca
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1279987
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