Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Honey and Honey Products

This contribution focuses on honey and other bee products, such as bee pollens. Taking into account the chemical and physico-chemical properties of these apicultural products, this chapter reports the main applications of fluorescence spectroscopy, mainly front-face fluorescence spectroscopy (FFFS), aimed to assess the authenticity, quality and freshness of honey and related products. Several examples from the literature will be reported to underline the efficacy of FFFS in discriminating the botanic and geographic origin of honey and bee-pollens. Numerous studies centered on the potentiality of this technique coupled with chemometric tools to identify specific adulterations in honey will be overviewed.