Integration of small-scale power systems

Electrochemical storage systems are increasingly being considered today. This chapter focuses attention on the different lithium typologies available today, from the cell characteristics to the composition of the battery packs. As main characteristics, charging techniques and life issues have been addressed, also by defining indicators currently used. Lithium solutions have been presented also by distinguishing between energy-oriented and power-oriented typologies. Also, other kinds of power-oriented technologies have been presented, in particular, supercapacitors and flywheels. A significant part is dedicated to numerical modeling, in order to identify equivalent electrical networks for the electrochemical cell/battery. Finally, battery selection criteria are provided to the reader, in order to properly size the storage system for the considered application.