The Smart Mattress Cover System: a compact textile-based system for daily monitoring of sleep-related parameters

Extracting sleep-related parameters is essential for assessing health and detecting sleep disorders. However, traditional methods are invasive, costly, and impractical for daily use. To address these limitations, we propose the Smart Mattress Cover System (SMCS), a non-invasive and scalable solution for real-world sleep monitoring. The SMCS includes two components: the Smart Mattress Cover (SMC), a compact low-density textile-based pressure matrix with embedded accelerometers, and the Bedroom Box Hub (BBH), which manages data collection and integrates environmental sensors. The SMC acquires key patient-related parameters (PP) as heart rate (HR), breathing rate (BR), movements, and on/off-bed status, while the BBH records environmental parameters. We present the SMCS design, a systematic requirement analysis, and custom algorithms to extract PP. Results showed a low HR RMSE of 2.02 bpm and good BR RMSE of 4.29 act/min across sleep positions and respiratory frequencies. On/off-bed detection and movement classification algorithm achieved an overall accuracy of 98.4%. Algorithms were validated across multiple SMCS prototypes, bed types, positions, and breathing patterns, confirming robustness. The SMCS demonstrates scalability for home use, with over 80 units deployed in the TOLIFE project. To the best of our knowledge, the SMCS is the most compact low-density textile-based system capable of extracting all core PP simultaneously.