Perceptions of the Costs and Benefits of Farm Digitalisation in Europe

Farm digitalisation is revolutionising European agriculture, offering enhanced productivity, resource efficiency and sustainability. Technologies like sensors, robotics and data-driven tools enable precise decision-making thereby reducing time and resource use. This article draws on insights from 18 focus groups in European living labs, engaging farmers, policymakers and advisors to explore the trade-offs of digital adoption. Key benefits include time-saving tools that streamline operations, promote sustainability and support innovative business models. Digital platforms improve traceability, reduce chemical inputs and enhance food safety. Farmers also value how technology attracts younger generations and fosters inclusivity. Examples from France, Germany, Hungary and Italy illustrate region-specific applications, such as real-time data use and soil-scanning technologies. However, significant challenges accompany digitalisation. Farmers cite high costs, a steep learning curve and infrastructure gaps like limited internet connectivity. Trust issues persist among farmers, governments and technology providers, while concerns over data ownership and governance hinder adoption. Small farms face disproportionate burdens due to financial constraints and skill shortages. This study underscores the need for equitable support systems, transparent governance and tailored solutions to bridge gaps. By addressing these challenges, Europe can ensure farm digitalisation fosters sustainability and benefits all stakeholders, aligning with broader goals like the European Green Deal.