The work presents an unpublished excursus on the administration of education in Italy, reconstructed on the basis of documents found in the central library of the Ministry of Education. Consultation of the archive documents has made it possible to reconstruct, in particular, the careers of school administrators and inspectors. Unlike what would happen starting in the 1970s, previously, management careers were entirely internal to the Administration: starting with the role of teacher, moving on to head teacher, and then progressing to management positions of increasing importance: district inspector, central inspector, fifth, fourth, third, second and first class superintendent – depending on the importance of the provincial capitals where they served – up to the rank of central director general. The historical and legislative shift that led to a change in the system was identified when promotion to the rank of Superintendent or School Inspector – key figures in the educational system – began to be granted to personnel from outside the administration and, above all, from outside the teaching profession, thus weakening the professional profile of school managers in terms of technical skills and significantly influencing the development of the teaching and management class (head teachers and educational directors, who later became school managers after the Bassanini law). In order to make a comparison with other school systems, a comparison is also presented with the nature and tasks of the inspection bodies in France and England. The contribution foreshadows a reform of the entire system, where the centre of gravity is shifted back to the pedagogical rather than the bureaucratic axis.
Il contributo presenta un excursus inedito sull’Amministrazione dell’istruzione in Italia, ricostruito sulla base dei documenti rinvenuti nella biblioteca centrale del Ministero dell’Istruzione. La consultazione dei documenti d’archivio ha consentito di ricostruire, in particolare, le carriere dei dirigenti: provveditori e ispettori scolastici. A differenza di quanto avverrà a partire dagli anni Settanta, in precedenza la carriera dirigenziale era tutta interna all’Amministrazione: si partiva dal ruolo di docente, passando per quello di preside, per transitare poi ad incarichi direttivi di progressiva importanza: ispettore circondariale, ispettore centrale, provveditore di quinta, quarta, terza, seconda e prima classe – in ragione dell’importanza dei capoluoghi di provincia ove si prestava servizio – fino al grado di direttore generale centrale. Viene quindi individuato il passaggio storico e legislativo che portò ad un cambiamento del sistema, quando la promozione al grado di Provveditore o di Ispettore scolastico – figure fondamentali nell’impianto organizzativo dell’Istruzione – iniziò ad essere consentita anche a personale esterno all’Amministrazione e, soprattutto, non proveniente dalla carriera scolastica, subendo così il profilo professionale del dirigente un depotenziamento quanto a competenze tecniche e influenzando notevolmente lo sviluppo della classe docente e dirigente (presidi e direttori didattici, poi divenuti dirigenti scolastici dopo la legge Bassanini). Per operare un raffronto con altri sistemi scolastici, viene anche presentata una comparazione con la natura e i compiti dei corpi ispettivi in Francia e in Inghilterra. Il contributo prefigura una riforma dell’intero sistema, dove il baricentro sia ricollocato sull’asse pedagogico anziché burocratico.
Provveditori e Ispettori del Ministero dell’Istruzione. Il (mancato) nesso tra pedagogia e governo della scuola in Italia
Raffaele Ciambrone
2025-01-01
Abstract
The work presents an unpublished excursus on the administration of education in Italy, reconstructed on the basis of documents found in the central library of the Ministry of Education. Consultation of the archive documents has made it possible to reconstruct, in particular, the careers of school administrators and inspectors. Unlike what would happen starting in the 1970s, previously, management careers were entirely internal to the Administration: starting with the role of teacher, moving on to head teacher, and then progressing to management positions of increasing importance: district inspector, central inspector, fifth, fourth, third, second and first class superintendent – depending on the importance of the provincial capitals where they served – up to the rank of central director general. The historical and legislative shift that led to a change in the system was identified when promotion to the rank of Superintendent or School Inspector – key figures in the educational system – began to be granted to personnel from outside the administration and, above all, from outside the teaching profession, thus weakening the professional profile of school managers in terms of technical skills and significantly influencing the development of the teaching and management class (head teachers and educational directors, who later became school managers after the Bassanini law). In order to make a comparison with other school systems, a comparison is also presented with the nature and tasks of the inspection bodies in France and England. The contribution foreshadows a reform of the entire system, where the centre of gravity is shifted back to the pedagogical rather than the bureaucratic axis.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


