Gamma-Ray Flares from the Crab Nebula

Abdo, Aa; Ackermann, M; Ajello, M; Allafort, A; Baldini, Luca; Ballet, J; Barbiellini, G; Bastieri, D; Bechtol, K; Bellazzini, R; Berenji, B; Blandford, Rd; Bloom, Ed; Bonamente, E; Borgland, Aw; Bouvier, A; Brandt, Tj; Bregeon, J; Brez, A; Brigida, M; Bruel, P; Buehler, R; Buson, S; Caliandro, Ga; Cameron, Ra; Cannon, A; Caraveo, Pa; Casandjian, Jm; Celik, O; Charles, E; Chekhtman, A; Cheung, Cc; Chiang, J; Ciprini, S; Claus, R; Cohen Tanugi, J; Costamante, L; Cutini, S; D'Ammando, F; Dermer, Cd; de Angelis, A; de Luca, A; de Palma, F; Digel, Sw; Silva, Ede; Drell, Ps; Drlica Wagner, A; Dubois, R; Dumora, D; Favuzzi, C; Fegan, Sj; Ferrara, Ec; Focke, Wb; Fortin, P; Frailis, M; Fukazawa, Y; Funk, S; Fusco, P; Gargano, F; Gasparrini, D; Gehrels, N; Germani, S; Giglietto, N; Giordano, F; Giroletti, M; Glanzman, T; Godfrey, G; Grenier, Ia; Grondin, Mh; Grove, Je; Guiriec, S; Hadasch, D; Hanabata, Y; Harding, Ak; Hayashi, K; Hayashida, M; Hays, E; Horan, D; Itoh, R; Johannesson, G; Johnson, As; Johnson, Tj; Khangulyan, D; Kamae, T; Katagiri, H; Kataoka, J; Kerr, M; Knodlseder, J; Kuss, M; Lande, J; Latronico, L; Lee, Sh; Lemoine Goumard, M; Longo, F; Loparco, F; Lubrano, P; Madejski, Gm; Makeev, A; Marelli, M; Mazziotta, Mn; McEnery, Je; Michelson, Pf; Mitthumsiri, W; Mizuno, T; Moiseev, Aa; Monte, C; Monzani, Me; Morselli, A; Moskalenko, Iv; Murgia, S; Nakamori, T; Naumann Godo, M; Nolan, Pl; Norris, Jp; Nuss, E; Ohsugi, T; Okumura, A; Omodei, N; Ormes, Jf; Ozaki, M; Paneque, D; Parent, D; Pelassa, V; Pepe, M; Pesce Rollins, M; Pierbattista, M; Piron, F; Porter, Ta; Raino, S; Rando, R; Ray, Ps; Razzano, Massimiliano; Reimer, A; Reimer, O; Reposeur, T; Ritz, S; Romani, Rw; Sadrozinski, Hfw; Sanchez, D; Parkinson, Pms; Scargle, Jd; Schalk, Tl; Sgro, C; Siskind, Ej; Smith, Pd; Spandre, G; Spinelli, P; Strickman, Ms; Suson, Dj; Takahashi, H; Takahashi, T; Tanaka, T; Thayer, Jb; Thompson, Dj; Tibaldo, L; Torres, Df; Tosti, G; Tramacere, A; Troja, E; Uchiyama, Y; Vandenbroucke, J; Vasileiou, V; Vianello, G; Vitale, V; Wang, P; Wood, Ks; Yang, Z; Ziegler, M.

doi:10.1126/science.1199705

A young and energetic pulsar powers the well-known Crab Nebula. Here, we describe two separate gamma-ray (photon energy greater than 100 mega–electron volts) flares from this source detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The first flare occurred in February 2009 and lasted approximately 16 days. The second flare was detected in September 2010 and lasted approximately 4 days. During these outbursts, the gamma-ray flux from the nebula increased by factors of four and six, respectively. The brevity of the flares implies that the gamma rays were emitted via synchrotron radiation from peta–electron-volt (1015 electron volts) electrons in a region smaller than 1.4 × 10−2 parsecs. These are the highest-energy particles that can be associated with a discrete astronomical source, and they pose challenges to particle acceleration theory.

Autori interni:	Abdo AA Ackermann M Ajello M Allafort A BALDINI, LUCA Ballet J Barbiellini G Bastieri D Bechtol K Bellazzini R Berenji B Blandford RD Bloom ED Bonamente E Borgland AW Bouvier A Brandt TJ Bregeon J Brez A Brigida M Bruel P Buehler R Buson S Caliandro GA Cameron RA Cannon A Caraveo PA Casandjian JM Celik O Charles E Chekhtman A Cheung CC Chiang J Ciprini S Claus R Cohen Tanugi J Costamante L Cutini S D'Ammando F Dermer CD de Angelis A de Luca A de Palma F Digel SW Silva EDE Drell PS Drlica Wagner A Dubois R Dumora D Favuzzi C Fegan SJ Ferrara EC Focke WB Fortin P Frailis M Fukazawa Y Funk S Fusco P Gargano F Gasparrini D Gehrels N Germani S Giglietto N Giordano F Giroletti M Glanzman T Godfrey G Grenier IA Grondin MH Grove JE Guiriec S Hadasch D Hanabata Y Harding AK Hayashi K Hayashida M Hays E Horan D Itoh R Johannesson G Johnson AS Johnson TJ Khangulyan D Kamae T Katagiri H Kataoka J Kerr M Knodlseder J Kuss M Lande J Latronico L Lee SH Lemoine Goumard M Longo F Loparco F Lubrano P Madejski GM Makeev A Marelli M Mazziotta MN McEnery JE Michelson PF Mitthumsiri W Mizuno T Moiseev AA Monte C Monzani ME Morselli A Moskalenko IV Murgia S Nakamori T Naumann Godo M Nolan PL Norris JP Nuss E Ohsugi T Okumura A Omodei N Ormes JF Ozaki M Paneque D Parent D Pelassa V Pepe M Pesce Rollins M Pierbattista M Piron F Porter TA Raino S Rando R Ray PS RAZZANO, MASSIMILIANO Reimer A Reimer O Reposeur T Ritz S Romani RW Sadrozinski HFW Sanchez D Parkinson PMS Scargle JD Schalk TL Sgro C Siskind EJ Smith PD Spandre G Spinelli P Strickman MS Suson DJ Takahashi H Takahashi T Tanaka T Thayer JB Thompson DJ Tibaldo L Torres DF Tosti G Tramacere A Troja E Uchiyama Y Vandenbroucke J Vasileiou V Vianello G Vitale V Wang P Wood KS Yang Z Ziegler M. mostra contributor esterni nascondi contributor esterni
Autori:	Abdo AA; Ackermann M; Ajello M; Allafort A; Baldini L; Ballet J; Barbiellini G; Bastieri D; Bechtol K; Bellazzini R; Berenji B; Blandford RD; Bloom ED; Bonamente E; Borgland AW; Bouvier A; Brandt TJ; Bregeon J; Brez A; Brigida M; Bruel P; Buehler R; Buson S; Caliandro GA; Cameron RA; Cannon A; Caraveo PA; Casandjian JM; Celik O; Charles E; Chekhtman A; Cheung CC; Chiang J; Ciprini S; Claus R; Cohen-Tanugi J; Costamante L; Cutini S; D'Ammando F; Dermer CD; de Angelis A; de Luca A; de Palma F; Digel SW; Silva EDE; Drell PS; Drlica-Wagner A; Dubois R; Dumora D; Favuzzi C; Fegan SJ; Ferrara EC; Focke WB; Fortin P; Frailis M; Fukazawa Y; Funk S; Fusco P; Gargano F; Gasparrini D; Gehrels N; Germani S; Giglietto N; Giordano F; Giroletti M; Glanzman T; Godfrey G; Grenier IA; Grondin MH; Grove JE; Guiriec S; Hadasch D; Hanabata Y; Harding AK; Hayashi K; Hayashida M; Hays E; Horan D; Itoh R; Johannesson G; Johnson AS; Johnson TJ; Khangulyan D; Kamae T; Katagiri H; Kataoka J; Kerr M; Knodlseder J; Kuss M; Lande J; Latronico L; Lee SH; Lemoine-Goumard M; Longo F; Loparco F; Lubrano P; Madejski GM; Makeev A; Marelli M; Mazziotta MN; McEnery JE; Michelson PF; Mitthumsiri W; Mizuno T; Moiseev AA; Monte C; Monzani ME; Morselli A; Moskalenko IV; Murgia S; Nakamori T; Naumann-Godo M; Nolan PL; Norris JP; Nuss E; Ohsugi T; Okumura A; Omodei N; Ormes JF; Ozaki M; Paneque D; Parent D; Pelassa V; Pepe M; Pesce-Rollins M; Pierbattista M; Piron F; Porter TA; Raino S; Rando R; Ray PS; Razzano M; Reimer A; Reimer O; Reposeur T; Ritz S; Romani RW; Sadrozinski HFW; Sanchez D; Parkinson PMS; Scargle JD; Schalk TL; Sgro C; Siskind EJ; Smith PD; Spandre G; Spinelli P; Strickman MS; Suson DJ; Takahashi H; Takahashi T; Tanaka T; Thayer JB; Thompson DJ; Tibaldo L; Torres DF; Tosti G; Tramacere A; Troja E; Uchiyama Y; Vandenbroucke J; Vasileiou V; Vianello G; Vitale V; Wang P; Wood KS; Yang Z; Ziegler M
Titolo:	Gamma-Ray Flares from the Crab Nebula
Anno del prodotto:	2011
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1126/science.1199705
Appare nelle tipologie:	1.1 Articolo in rivista

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