Energy Efficient Methodologies for Microclimate Control in Museum Environments: a State of the Art

Museums require strict microclimate conditions for the artworks preservation. Traditional systems neither ensure optimal conditions nor visitors comfort. HVAC systems are widely used to keep the correct range of temperature and humidity in museums. Their use is recommended in new buildings. Instead, installation of these systems could be unfeasible in existing buildings, which are often protected, making more difficult any refurbishment action. After a brief legislative framework, typical solutions for the microclimate control in museums environment are presented in this work. A correct design of these buildings takes in account the whole building-plant system and has to be a “synthesis” of different needs: artworks preservation, visitors comfort, energy efficiency. Several case studies are described and special emphasis is given to innovative and efficient solutions, both in new and existing buildings. Museums have high energy demands for heating, cooling, ventilation, and lighting. In light of the current legislation on energy efficiency, techniques and strategies for a correct design and management can improve environmental sustainability of these buildings, reduce operative costs, and promote consciousness on energy issues in citizens.