Granuloma centrale a cellule giganti dei mascellari: un caso clinico con 3 anni di follow-up

OBJECTIVES Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a rare benign tumor of the jaws of unknown etiology, accounting for 7% of jaw tumors. The origin of this lesion is non-odontogenic, and about 60% of the cases occur in patients younger than 30 years, with a female/male ratio of 2:1. CGCGs are frequently confined to the tooth-bearing areas of the maxilla and the mandible; the most frequent localization is the mandible, and the region involved in both skeletal bones is the anterior region. The authors report the clinical management of a CGCG of the maxilla, associated with root re-sorption, occurring in a 49-year-old woman. MATERIALS AND METHODS During a routine dental check-up, a 49-year-old female in general good health reported the recent occurrence of hypersensitivity to cold/heat stimuli in the upper left maxilla, localized at the level of tooth 2.2 (lateral left incisor). Periapical X-ray revealed a markedly radiolucent area in correspondence of the middle and apical part of 2.2, which also exhibited radiographic signs of root resorption, confirmed by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Initially, an incisional biopsy was scheduled to assess the nature of the intra-osseous lesion. The histopathological findings revealed the presence of a CGCG. Second-ly, the complete surgical removal of the lesion was performed. The patient entered annual follow-up involving clinical and radiographic examination to exclude the recurrence of the pathology. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Three years after the surgery, there were no clinical or radio-graphic signs of recurrence, in the absence of pain or discomfort symptoms. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE CGCGs management can be challenging and requires a precise histopathological diagnosis, and a continuous follow-up to exclude the recurrence of the pathology.