Phytochemical Characterization and Potential Anti‐Oxidative Activity of Lavandula angustifolia subsp. pyrenaica (DC.), Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel cv Grosso, and cv Super Essential Oils Compared to a Commercial Lavender Essential Oil

This study investigates the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant properties of three lavender essential oils (LEOs) from Lavandula angustifolia subsp. pyrenaica (DC.), Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel cv Grosso, and Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel cv Super, and compares them to a commercial one. LEOs were extracted by hydrodistillation, analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and tested for antioxidant effects on human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The major components identified in all the four LEOs were linalool and linalyl acetate; however, in the commercial LEO differences in minor compounds and the presence of additives were found. Antioxidant activity assays revealed significant protection against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress for hydrodistilled EOs, while the commercial EO showed no protective effect. Gene expression analysis indicated upregulation of antioxidant-related genes in cells treated with “Grosso” and “Super” LEOs. This research highlights the potential therapeutic applications of LEOs, with a particular emphasis on the differences between naturally derived oils and commercial variants.