Identification of the bacterial endosymbionts of the marine ciliate Euplotes magnicirratus (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia) and proposal of 'Candidatus Devosia euplotis' .

This paper reports the identification of bacterial endosymbionts that inhabit the cytoplasm of the marine ciliated protozoon Euplotes magnicirratus. Ultrastructural and full-cycle rRNA approaches were used to reveal the identity of these bacteria. Based on analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, evolutionary trees were constructed; these placed the endosymbiont in the genus Devosia in the a-Proteobacteria. The validity of this finding was also shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization with a Devosia-specific oligonucleotide probe. Differences at the 16S rRNA gene level (which allowed the construction of a species-specific oligonucleotide probe) and the peculiar habitat indicate that the endosymbiont represents a novel species. As its cultivation has not been successful to date, the provisional name ‘Candidatus Devosia euplotis’ is proposed. The species- and group-specific probes designed in this study could represent convenient tools for the detection of ‘Candidatus Devosia euplotis’ and Devosia-like bacteria in the environment.